ACTA1 and nemaline myopathy: NMs are a group of genetically determined congenital myopathies which can be inherited as autosomal dominant and recessive forms. Shy GM et al. recommended naming the condition "nemaline myopathy" from the Greek word for thread, "nema." [3]. It can result from mutations in 12 different genes, the two most prevalent of which are those encoding ACTA1 and NEB [1]. Neonatal NM has been documented in autosomal recessive instances caused by mutations in NEB [4,5] and tropomyosin [6], as well as dominantly inherited actin mutations [6].