CXCL12 and meningioma: Cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM, B1 integrin, PECAM-1, P-selectin, CXCL12, and SDF-1 have also been proposed as part of the mechanism underlying breast carcinoma metastasis, and ICAM expression in meningiomas may also facilitate adhesion of metastases to meningioma blood vessels (Johnson, 2022; Mogere et al., 2024).