KLK3 and metabolic syndrome: Porretti et al. (2018) conducted a study and suggested that this adverse effect may be caused by MetS influencing the epigenetic regulation of PCa. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a significant treatment approach for mPCa since 1941. Its goal is to regulate testosterone levels in PCa patients, keeping them below castration levels. In the follow-up of PCa patients, monitoring testosterone levels is just as crucial as monitoring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (Schulman et al., 2010).