Human Trx can be taken up by cardiomyocytes (Tao et al., 2004) and injection of recombinant human Trx in rats before subjection to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury reduced myocardial infarct size, myocyte apoptosis, and inflammation (Wu et al., 2008). Here, TXN is linked to myocardial ischemia.