Additionally, studies have elucidated that PAD4, P38 and ERK can activate various inflammatory pathways, including microglia, TLR4, NF‐κB and NLRP3 pathways, culminating in an inflammatory cytokine storm that exacerbates ischemia‐induced cerebral injury.18, 50, 51, 52. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is ischemia.