NLRP3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Previous studies have reported elevated NLRP3 levels in patients with varicocele or azoospermia, indicating its potential role in male infertility.[27] It has been found that NLRP3 promotes obesity-related spermatogenesis impairment and is involved in the production of inflammatory factors that can disrupt normal spermatogenic function.[28] Additionally, Poli et al[29] reported that the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory factors can induce the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex through the differentiation of testis macrophages.