In a similar way, as observed in NCCs in development, the NCC-like state in melanoma is sensitive to nucleotide depletion, and targeting this cell state with pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors leads to nucleotide depletion, and subsequent loss of NCC gene expression and inhibition of melanoma growth (Kaufman et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2016; White et al., 2011). The gene discussed is SLC12A3; the disease is melanoma.