Besides, the TGF‐β/SMAD2/3 pathway induced by the deficiency of Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase found to be decreased in cancer, can induce migration and EMT in cancer cells via activating the transmembrane protein with EGF‐like and two follistatin‐like domains 1 gene that can act as a tumor‐promoting gene.84 This evidence concerns the gene SMAD2 and cancer.