However, among numerous PD-1 inhibitors, physicians and patients may not be able to determine which may be more suitable for patients with ESCC in clinical treatment (Sun et al., 2021; Doki et al., 2022; Lu et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022; Song et al., 2023) without direct head-to-head trial. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.