Mitoxantrone/prednisone in combination with or without cetuximab (CNTO 328) (Fizazi et al., 2012), an anti-IL-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody, was evaluated in an open-label phase II trial in patients with desmoplasia-resistant PCa who had received prior cetuxetaxel-based chemotherapy; however, the combination did not improve clinical outcomes. Here, IL6 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.