To predict time to all-cause mortality, we used baseline covariates, including choice of DOAC (from apixaban, rivaroxaban or dabigatran), age at onset of AF and age at DOAC initiation, sex, country of birth and ancestry, time from AF diagnosis to DOAC initiation, HAS-BLED25 and CHA2DS2-VASc26 scores, weight and BMI prior to DOAC initiation, and serum bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, platelet count, LDL, eGFR, creatinine, HbA1c, and haemoglobin prior to DOAC initiation. The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is atrial fibrillation.