IGHE and inflammatory bowel disease: Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRDM16 having strong statistical association with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma in African Americans (mostly pediatric)43, allergic rhinitis (IgE-mediated inflammation of the upper airway)44, rheumatoid arthritis45, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Basque population46.