GCG and malnutrition: Hormonal mediation of malnutrition is complex, and it includes the major orexigenic (appetite) hormone, gastrin, as well as a variety of anorexigenic (satiety) hormones, including leptin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, oxyntomodulin, and pancreatic polypeptide (16, 17).