TNF and atrial fibrillation: In multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, history of smoking and treatment for diabetes and hyperlipidemia, increased levels of interleukin 9 (OR 1.359, 95%CI 1.046–1.766, p = 0.022), IL-17 (1.491, 95%CI 1.115–1.994, p = 0.007) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (OR 1.440, 95%CI 1.089–1.904, p = 0.011) were independently associated with CAD.