Our study added to the clinical significance of SIRT3 in epilepsy, the serum SIRT3 levels were decreased significantly in epilepsy patients and further decreased in patients with refractory epilepsy, and associated with the inflammatory status, cognitive function, and severity of epilepsy in patients and represent a risk factor for refractory epilepsy, suggesting a potential involvement of SIRT3 in the development and progression of this neurological disorder. The gene discussed is SIRT3; the disease is epilepsy.