Studies have shown that ADAR-induced substitution of Ser367gly at the locus of antitumor enzyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) increases the binding affinity of AZIN1 and inhibits its ability to inhibit ornithine decarboxylase, resulting in the development of more tumorigenic characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma (54). The gene discussed is ODC1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.