Our investigations reveal that GLI1 elicits profound effects in the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, mainly characterized by the enrichment of immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs and Treg, and reduction of immune-stimulant DCs and CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, providing insights into a novel role for GLI1 in shaping melanoma immune escape (Fig. 9). Here, GLI1 is linked to melanoma.