CXCL1 and cancer: Furthermore, Galectin-1 was found to stabilize STING in cancer cells, triggering NF-κB signaling and CXCL2 expression, thereby enhancing MDSC trafficking and supporting the formation of a premetastatic niche that favors metastatic expansion.176 Additionally, CXCL1, secreted by TAMs, was shown to boost MDSC proliferation, migration, and suppression of CD8+ T-cell activity via CXCR2.