TAT and HIV infectious disease: dCA was found to inhibit the interaction of the HIV-1 protein Tat with the transactivation response element RNA hairpin (TAR) by binding the basic domain of Tat and blocking Tat-dependent HIV transcriptional amplification in acutely and chronically infected cell line models of HIV infection (EC50 = 1 nM, CC50 = 20 μM) (9, 10).