SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In the context of SOD1-mutations, results from both in vivo, in vitro and ALS patient material showed a decrease in astrocytic intracellular and extracellular lactate levels as well as impairment of the astrocyte lactate efflux transporter (Figure 3) (Ferraiuolo et al., 2011; Madji Hounoum et al., 2017).