SERPINE1 and Nephropathy: Specifically, the role of pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrogenic, and anti-fibrinolytic mediators such as fetuin-A, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, TNF-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), has been implicated in promoting kidney damage through mechanisms that include the exacerbation of inflammation and fibrosis within the renal tissue (Musso et al., 2014; Byrne and Targher, 2020).