LAP3 and periodontitis: As peptidoglycan fragments derived from the combined activity of peptidases and CAZymes are very strong pro-inflammatory molecules (Irazoki et al., 2019), these enzymes could represent important indirect virulent factors contributing to inducing damaging inflammations characteristic of periodontitis (Baker et al., 2024) and trichomoniasis (Mercer and Johnson, 2018; Riestra et al., 2022).