However, a recent study has demonstrated elevated expression of TGFβ following ductal ligation (Woods et al., 2015), another salivary gland injury model that aims to recapitulate the damage caused by a ductal blockage (i.e. chronic obstructive sialadenitis or salivary gland stones) and exhibits significant fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and sialolithiasis.