Then, we employed IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ (0, 20, 50, 100 ng/ml) to incubate two GBM cell lines (one primary GBM cell line, GSC1, and one conventional GBM cell line, U87) to induce IFN signaling activation in GBM cells in vitro. Here, IFNB1 is linked to glioblastoma.