EGFR and lung carcinoma: Wang et al. developed an end-to-end deep learning model based on CT images, which obtained AUCs of 0.85 (95% CI 0.83–0.88) in the primary cohort and 0.81 (95% CI 0.79–0.83) in the independent validation cohort to predict EGFR mutation status in lung cancers, respectively [38].