POU5F1 and cancer: Additionally, HMGA2 upregulates the expression of other cancer stem cell markers, such as CD44, Oct4, c-Myc, ALDH1, and Twist1, in addition to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is known to be responsible for the ability of the self-renewal property, further promoting cancer cell aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance to cancer therapies [63, 67, 151, 153] (Fig. 11).