DPP4 and diabetes mellitus: Regarding formulary restrictions, two-thirds of fee-for-service Medicaid beneficiaries have unrestricted access to an SGLT2i or GLP1ra medication versus just one-third of managed care Medicaid enrollees, with significant variation in access both across and within states.33 Future research should explicitly study the link between out-of-pocket costs for patients, formulary restrictions, and receipt of an SGLT2i or GLP1ra medication versus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor as a negative control, which are also novel diabetes medications but lack cardiovascular or mortality benefit.