Subsequent ChIP-seq analysis using a tRCC cell line (UOK146) demonstrated that TFE3 binds to the PPARGC1A promoter to upregulate DEGs more often than to downregulate DEGs (Fig. 3d, e). This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.