Recently, AD-related plasma biomarkers, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) composite (combination biomarker of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP)669-711/Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 ratios) and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181), have garnered attention6,7. This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.