Based on the Warburg hypothesis, which describes the preference of cancer cells for glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation for energy production, ATP depletion and cell death in response to VC are mainly attributed to reduced glycolysis via inhibition of GAPDH activity by VC-induced H2O2 [17,18,20,55,94] (Fig. 8E). The gene discussed is GAPDH; the disease is cancer.