TRPA1 and migraine disorder: Although a similar pattern would also be expected in males, this sex difference might, apart from the obviously lower statistical power due to the lower prevalence of migraine in males, be related to the differential regulation of TRPA1 channels in males and females.29 Alternatively, gender-related and social factors or cultural norms might also serve as an explanation for the noted disparities, such as the societal acceptance of smoking among elderly men vs women, and the potentially greater acceptance for women to abstain from smoking because of migraine compared with men.