Thus, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the performance of biomarker pairs, including CD8, PD-1T and CD3 TILs, CD20+ B cells, TLS, PD-L1, and TIS, and compare their efficacy against individual biomarkers in predicting clinical benefit to PD-1 blockade in NSCLC. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.