INS and gestational diabetes: Using untargeted ultra-HPLC-MS, we aimed to analyse correlations between early-pregnancy metabolites and maternal glycaemic and anthropometric characteristics (fasting and post-load glucose concentrations, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, maternal BMI and waist circumference [WC]) and to identify early-pregnancy metabolomic alterations that characterise normal-weight and overweight women with early-onset GDM (E-GDM) diagnosed at 12–16 weeks’ gestation or late-onset GDM (L-GDM) diagnosed at 24–28 weeks’ gestation.