Our data suggest that in the case of HCV, broad virus neutralization may come at the cost of generating BCR variants with increased oncogenic potential that mimic the chronic active BCR signaling phenotype that is especially characteristic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, ABC DLBCL, and marginal zone lymphoma, while other lymphoid malignancies like Burkitt’s lymphoma depend on tonic BCR signals.40 Here, BCR is linked to marginal zone lymphoma.