There is an increased recruitment of MHCII-Ly6C+ monocytes to the infection site and an increase in inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-12, IL-23, IL-1b and IL-6, as well as activation of other inflammatory cells, including Th1 or Th17 cells (Varol et al., 2010). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.