CDH18 and depressive symptom measurement: Various studies have demonstrated that genetic abnormalities in CDH18 are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder (Chen et al., 2017), schizophrenia (Redies et al., 2012), depression (Chen et al., 2017), and autism (Redies et al., 2012), as well as cancers, such as colorectal cancer (Venkatachalam et al., 2011) and ovarian cancer (Chmelarova et al., 2019).