Abnormal and impaired N-glycosylation of PC1 likely affects normal cell-cell interactions and induces cyst formation, as is seen in ADPKD-PKD1 and PKD2. Although abnormal glycosylation leads to cystic changes, they are mild in comparison to those found in ADPKD and do not appear alone enough to lead to ESKD. The gene discussed is PKD1; the disease is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.