Given that APOE ε4 and BIN1 are considered risk factors for AD and that previous studies have shown an association between respiratory diseases such as COPD and dementia (Villeneuve et al., 2012; Singh et al., 2014; Liao et al., 2015), one would expect that carriers of these risk variants would be more prone to RESP. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Alzheimer disease.