HMGB1 was recently found to be a damage-associated molecule in dying cancer cells that enhances immunogenic cell death.[55] Under DNA-damaging agent treatment in various malignant tumors, HMGB1 has been reported to primarily regulate the DNA damage response checkpoint and cell survival.[22,56,57] Notably, chemotherapy agents predominantly induce DNA double strand breaks, which are repaired through the classical pathways of homologous recombination repair (HR) and NHEJ. Here, HMGB1 is linked to cancer.