VCAM1 and Alzheimer disease: Another meta-analysis comprising 175 studies on peripheral blood revealed increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, interferon-γ, homocysteine, high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), C-X-C motif chemokine-10, epidermal growth factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, TNF-α converting enzyme, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, α1-antichymotrypsin, as well as decreased concentrations of IL-1 receptor antagonist and leptin in patients with AD compared to controls [142].