PANX1 and migraine disorder: However, the question of whether these agents can achieve effective concentrations in the cortex to inhibit neuronal Panx1 channels after systemic administration of clinically used doses (e.g. carbenoxolone is poorly BBB permeable [96]) and whether any unwanted side effects could overshadow (e.g. spironolactone is 1000-times more potent in blocking mineralocorticoid receptors [97]) their migraine prophylactic action remains unclear (see [93] for review).