In ALS, proline:arginine (PRn) poly-dipeptides, caused by bidirectional transcription and ATG-independent translation of the expanded (GGGGCC)n repeat, bind to NUP54 and inhibit the movement of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus (Shi et al. 2017). The gene discussed is NUP54; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.