Our results are also consistent with a recently published biomarker analyses of a clinical trial of alefacept (LFA3-IgG) in patients with new-onset T1D, which demonstrated that islet antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells were enriched in TH17.1 cell phenotypes in people with T1D, including cells co-expressing GM-CSF, IL-2, IFNγ and IL-17. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and type 1 diabetes mellitus.