To advance understanding of the role of sclerostin in MBD physiology in the context of kidney transplantation, we conducted a review of studies investigating the changes in sclerostin before and after kidney transplantation, the relationship between sclerostin and laboratory parameters, as well as bone metabolism and vascular calcification in the context of kidney transplantation. This evidence concerns the gene SOST and Marchiafava-Bignami disease.