PTH and osteoporosis: Although the name CKD–MBD suggest the problem is on bone metabolism, CKD–MBD is a systemic disorder including: (i) abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), or vitamin D metabolism; (ii) abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization (e.g., osteoporosis), bone volume and (iii) vascular or other soft tissue calcification [4] or variable combinations of these.