Lastly, we found that the IL-17A/F heterodimer was a type 1 diabetes-specific temporal marker, increasing from −61% (95% CI −77, −56%; padj=9.30×10−4) at 10 years before diabetes diagnosis to 103% (95% CI 26, 226%, padj=0.007) at year 0, relative to the type 2 diabetes group, with similar estimates relative to the non-diabetes group (ESM Fig. 4a). The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.