As recently as 2006, however, the discovery that KEAP1 mutations that leads tochronically elevated levels of Nrf2 was found in non-small lung cell carcinomaspresented the first evidence that Nrf2 may contribute to cancer progression andchemoresistance [208], which was later referred to as the “dark side” of Nrf2.Despite Nrf2’s known benefits, new research has revealed the previouslyunappreciated complexity of the Nrf2 signaling network, growing evidence thatcareful regulation of this pathway is crucial to disease prevention. The gene discussed is KEAP1; the disease is cancer.