This has been followed by further development of the IL-6 ligand inhibitor, ziltivekimab, which is currently being evaluated for efficacy in patients with CVD, chronic kidney disease as well as HF with preserved ejection fraction with elevated CRP.7, 8, 9 Therefore, the finding of a strong association between CVD outcomes and IL-6 levels across all races and ethnicities in this study further underscores the importance of the development of targeted therapies to improve outcomes across a large group of patients with CVD. Here, CRP is linked to chronic kidney disease.