ATG7 and atrial fibrillation: Inhibition ofautophagy by lentivirus-mediated Atg7 knockdown, or theautophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), restores the shortenedAERP and alleviates the AF vulnerability caused by tachypacing in rabbits [34].High-frequency electrical stimulation of fast-pacing atria also activatesautophagy of cardiomyocytes and promotes autophagy-mediated degradation of theL-type calcium channel protein by ubiquitin protein, further shortening the APDand AERP.