PRKN and hydrops fetalis: In an experimental study of safranin,it was observed that parkin-mediated mitochondrial ubiquitination wassignificantly inhibited after knockdown of the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) gene, counteractingthe beneficial effects of safranin on HF, suggesting that safranin could promotePINK1/parkin signaling pathway-mediated mitochondrial autophagy for the treatmentof HF [51].