The phase II anti-TNF-α trial in congestive HF examined therole of infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody, inpatients with HFrEF and showed adverse effects and increased all-cause mortalityand HF hospitalization with infliximab compared with conventional therapy [24].The above findings can be attributed to the role of TNF-α in promotingthe development of heart failure and adverse myocardial remodeling. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and heart failure.