Patients with recurrence were older (64 ± 10 yearsvs 59.9 ± 8.5 years), had larger LA (45 mm vs 41 mm) and more comorbiditiesincluding HF (33% vs none) and higher proportion of patients with persistent AF(64% vs 23%) in the report of Clementy [11] versus in our cohort, respectively.Again, these differences might suggest that Galectin-3 concentrations may ratherbe related to HF or other comorbidities as well as to more persistent forms ofAF. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS3 and hydrops fetalis.